【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforAutomatedAnalysesofCells-theElectricalSensingZoneMethodofEnumeratingandSizingSingleCellSuspensions
【原文标准名称】:细胞自动分析的标准试验方法.单细胞悬浮液计数和分级的电敏域法
【标准号】:ASTMF2149-2001(2007)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2001
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.43
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:总量;生物技术;细胞;计数;测量;微生物学;尺寸;悬浮液;试验方法
【英文主题词】:automatedcellcounting;electricalsensingzone;sizedistribution
【摘要】:Thisassayisusedinuniversitytissueculturelaboratories,governmentresearch,andhospital,biomedical,andpharmaceuticallaboratoriestoautomatecellcountingandsizing.Thisinstrumentationprovidesveryrapid,accurate,andpreciseresultsforanytissueculturefacility.Inaddition,asnoted,sincethecellsizestobeanalyzedbytheinstrumentaresetbytheuser,theanalysesmaybedoneonvirtuallyanyspeciesofcellsandcelltype;itisnotrestrictedtohumancellsorbloodcells.Theelectricalsensingzonemethodologywasintroducedinthemid1950s(9).Sincethistime,therehavebeensubstantialimprovementswhichhaveenhancedtheoperatorrsquo;easeofuse.Amongthesearetheeliminationofthemercurymanometer,reducedsize,greaterautomation,andavailabilityofcomprehensivestatisticalcomputerprograms.Thisinstrumentationoffersarapidresultascontrastedtothemanualcountingofcellsusingthestandardcountingchamber,hemocytometer.Thecountingchamberisknowntohaveanerrorof10to30%,aswellasbeingverytimeconsuming(10).Inaddition,whencountingandsizingporcinehepatocytes,Stegemannetalconcludedthattheautomated,electricalsensingzonemethodprovidedsignificantlygreateraccuracy,precision,andspeed,forbothcountsandsize,comparedtotheconventionalmicroscopicorthecellmass-basedmethod(7).1.1Thistestmethod,providedthelimitationsareunderstood,coversaprocedureforboththeenumerationandmeasurementofsizedistributionofmostallcelltypes.Theinstrumentationallowsforuser-selectablecellsizesettings,hence,thistestmethodisnotrestrictedtospecificcelltypes.Themethodisappropriateforsuspensionaswellasadherentcellcultures().Thisisaquantitativelaboratorymethodnotintendedforon-lineorfielduse.Resultsmaybereportedasnumberofcellspermillilitreortotalnumberofcellspervolumeofcellsuspensionanalyzed.Bothcountandsizedistributionmaybeexpressedincellmicrondiameterorvolume,femtolitres.1.2Cellscommonlyusedintissue-engineeredmedicalproducts()routinelyareanalyzed.Examplesarechondrocytes(),fibroblasts(),andkeratinocytes().Szaboetalusedthemethodforbothpancreaticisletnumberandvolumemeasurements().Inaddition,instrumentationusingtheelectricalsensingzonetechnologywasusedforbothcountandsizedistributionanalysesofporcinehepatocytesplacedintohollowfibercartridgeextracorporealliverassistsystems.Inthisstudy(),andothers(,),theautomatedelectricalsensingzonemethodwasclearlyvalidatedforsuperioraccuracyandprecisionwhencomparedtotheconventionalmanualmethod,visualcellcountingunderamicroscopeusingahemocytometer.Thisvalidationhasbeendemonstratedoverawidevarietyofcelltypes.Inaddition,theautomatedprocedureisrapid,rugged,andcosteffective;italsominimizesoperator-to-operatorvariabilityinherentinmanualtechniques.1.3Thisinstrumentationismanufacturedbyavarietyofcompanies;however,theprincipleusedinalliselectricalimpedance.Thistestmethod,forcellcountingandsizing,isbasedonthedetectionandmeasurementofchangesinelectricalresistanceproducedbyacell,suspendedinaconductiveliquid,traversingthroughasmallaperture(see()).Whencellsaresuspendedinaconductiveliquid,phosphate-bufferedsalineforinstance,theyfunctionasdiscreteinsulators.Whenthecellsuspensionisdrawnthroughasmallcylindricalaperture,thepassageofeachcellchangestheimpedanceoftheelectricalpathbetweentwosubmergedelectrodeslocatedoneachsideoftheaperture.......
【中国标准分类号】:C04
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_01
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Safetyinelectromagneticfields-Protectionofpersonsinthefrequencyrangefrom0to30kHz;AmendmentA3
【原文标准名称】:电磁场的安全性.在0-30kHz频率范围里对人员的防护措施.修改件A3
【标准号】:DINVVDEV0848-4/A3-1995
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1995-07
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:工作场所安全;规范(批准);安全措施;安全工程;事故预防;电气工程;定义;安全要求;安全;电磁场;职业安全;人体保护;电场;磁场;频率范围;电气安全;场强(电);极限(数学);工作地点
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C66
【国际标准分类号】:13_280
【页数】:11P;A4
【正文语种】:德语